By using simulation tools as shown in the example with the LUCAS project retrospective exposure studies can be performed. Dispersion calculations of different air pollution substances can be coupled to individual addresses and exposure can be calculated. In Stockholm other similar studies are planned for substances like particulate matter and single hydrocarbons.

In principle the technique also can be used for combining data from dispersion calculations with other types of geograpfical data in retrospective environmental studies of for example corrosion of materials.